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Abstracts Related to Research Done With the Maxtek RQCM Quartz Crystal Microbalance Research Instrument
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Principles of Quartz Crystal Microbalance/Heat Conduction Calorimetry: Measurement of the Sorption Enthalpy of Hydrogen in Palladium
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Authors: Allan L. Smith a, b, Hamid. M. Shirazi a a Chemistry Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 b Masscal Corporation, Chatham, MA 02633
Abstract
A sensitive new measurement technology is described which combines calorimetry, gravimetry, and rheology applied to chemical reactions in thin films: quartz crystal microbalance/heat conduction calorimetry (QCM/HCC). The quartz crystal microbalance/heat conduction calorimeters constructed so far simultaneously measure heat generation, mass uptake or release, and viscoelastic property changes in the same, sub-milligram solid film sample when gases interact with the film in an isothermal surrounding. It is possible to measure the energetics of formation of a single layer of adsorbed molecules on a gold surface with this technique. The principles of operation of both the mass and the heat flow sensor are described, and one implementation of the combined sensor and apparatus and its electronics is presented. Methods for calibration and the preparation of thin sample films are summarized. As an illustrative example, the determination of the sorption enthalpy of hydrogen in a 25°C palladium film of 140 nm thickness is discussed in detail. Other examples of the operation of the QCM/HCC are tabulated.
Application of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Evaluate Biodegradability of Starch by Bacillus Subtilis
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Authors: M. Jenkins 1, M. Horsfall 1, D. Mathew1, M. Scanlon 1, R. Jayasekara 2 and G.T. Lonergan 2
(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
(2)Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
Abstract
Biodegradation of solution-cast starch films by Bacillus subtilis was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A starch film was formed on the crystal by solution casting and exposed to the Bacillus subtilis culture in a bioreactor. The high sensitivity of the QCM could monitor small weight changes of the starch films on the crystal in the initial stages of biodegradation by secreted exo-enzymes of the bacterium. The feasibility of this approach as a means of quantification and characterisation of biodegradability of different polymeric materials by selected organisms is discussed.
Evaluation of Inhibitors for ECMP of Copper Using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) Technique
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Authors: Ashok Muthukumaran, Viral Lowalekar, Srini Raghavan
Abstract
Chemical formulations for the electrochemical mechanical planarization (ECMP) of copper must contain constituents that are stable at anodic potentials. A key component of the formulation is a corrosion inhibitor, which is required to protect low lying areas while higher areas are selectively removed. Organic compounds, which adsorb on copper at low overpotentials and form a film by oxidation at higher overpotentials, may be particularly useful for ECMP. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of two inhibitors on copper dissolution in oxalic acid based systems using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique. By recording current as well as mass changes during the application of potential to electrodeposited copper films, the extent and mechanism of inhibition of sulfhydryl based acid (SBA) inhibitor has been explored.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance-based Measurements of Shear-induced Senescence in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells
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Authors: M. S. Jenkins 1 , K. C. Y. Wong 1, O. Chhit 1, J. F. Bertram 2, R. J. Young 2, N. Subaschandar 3
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne
2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
Abstract
Fluid shear and other mechanical forces play an important role in the normal biophysical, biochemical, and gene regulatory responses of vertebrate tissue that are reflected in the expression of normal cell differentiation, growth, and function. Despite some promising work reported on the application of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to both prokaryote and eukaryote cells over the last decade, QCM has yet to be successfully applied to cells in culture under conditions of flow-induced shear. In this study, high sensitivity QCM in conjunction with fluid modelling was used to monitor the onset of senescence in immortalised human embryonic kidney cells under laminar shear stresses of between 0.04 and 335 dyne/cm2. The feasibility of this approach as a means of quantification and characterisation of cell physiological response and adhesion are explored and discussed. Copyright, 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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